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Education in West Bengal
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IIT - Kharagpur
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Education in West Bengal is provided by both the public sector as well as the private
sector. The modern education system was developed by the British missionaries and
the Indian social reformists. West Bengal has many reputed institutes of higher
education like - Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (the first IIM), Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, National Institute of Technology,
Durgapur, Indian Statistical Institute, Visva-Bharati University and Indian Institute
of Technology Kharagpur.
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History
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Kolkata has played a pioneering role in the development of the modern education
system in India. Western models of education came to India through Kolkata. Many
of the first schools and colleges were established by the missionaries and reformists.
Sir William Jones (philologist) established the Asiatic Society in 1784 for
promoting oriental studies. People like Ram Mohan Roy, David Hare, Ishwar Chandra
Vidyasagar, Shashi Bhusan Chatterjee, and William Carey played a leading role in
the setting up of modern schools and colleges in the city. The Fort William College
was established in 1800. The Hindu College was established in 1817. In 1855
the Hindu College was renamed as the Presidency College.
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Jadavpur University
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Bengal Engineering
& Science University
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William Carey established the Serampore College, Serampore (20 km from Calcutta)
in 1819. It went on to become India's first modern university in 1827 when it was
incorporated by a Royal Charter as a Danish University. Although it had the charter,
it was not technically a university in the modern sense of that term.The Sanskrit
College was established in 1824. Reverend Alexander Duff of the Church of
Scotland established the General Assembly's Institution in 1830 and later the Free
Church Institution in 1844, which were later merged to form what is now known as
the Scottish Church College, Calcutta.
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These institutions played a significant role in what came to be known as the Young
Bengal Movement and the Bengal Renaissance. La Martiniere Calcutta was established
in 1836. John Bethune established a school for Indian girls in 1850 at a time when
women's education was frowned upon in the society. The Bethune College for
girls was set up by him in 1879.
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The oldest medical school in Asia, the Calcutta Medical College was set up
in 1835. In 1857, the University of Calcutta was established as the first
full fledged multi-disciplinary university in south Asia. It was modeled on the
lines of the University of London. Today it is amongst the largest multidisciplinary
universities of India and offers some of the widest number of academic disciplines
for study. In 1856 technical and engineering education came with the establishment
of a civil engineering college / department. This setup went through various reorganizations
to finally become the Bengal Engineering College in 1921. The Jesuit administered
St Xavier's College was established in 1860. In 1906, the partition of
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Calcutta University
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Bengal led to widespread nationalistic and anti British feelings. This led to the
setting up of the National Council of Education, Bengal. This later on became the
Jadavpur University in 1955. The nation's first homeopathy college was established
in the city in 1880. In 1883 Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu became the
first women graduates from the University of Calcutta.In the process, they became
the first female graduates of the British Empire. Kadambini went on to become the
first female physician trained in the Western system of medicine in South Asia.
The Science College was established in 1917. The first blind school came
into being in 1925.
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 Presidency
University
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After independence, Calcutta continued to be in the forefront of the educational
scene. The Government College of Art & Craft was established in 1951. The
Rabindra Bharati University was established in 1962. This university offers
courses in the fine and performing arts. The Indian Institute of Social Welfare and
Business Management was set up in 1953 as the country's first management
institute and is also the first in the country to offer an MBA degree of a university.
The first, Indian Institute of Technology was set up at Kharagpur about 120
km from Calcutta. In 1960 the Regional Engineering college (presently National Institute
of Technology) at Durgapur was set up. It is amongst the top NITs in
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India and also among the oldest. Indian Institute of Management Calcutta,
the first among the prestigious Indian Institutes of Management, was set
up in 1961 at Joka. It was the first national institute for post-graduate studies
and research in management sciences. It was established with the help of the MIT
Sloan School of Management and the Ford Foundation.
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Structure
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West Bengal schools are run by the state government or by private organisations,
including religious institutions. Instruction is mainly in English or Bengali, though
Urdu is also used, especially in Central Kolkata. The secondary schools are affiliated
with the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE),
the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), the National Institute of
Open School (NIOS) or the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education.
Under the 10+2+3 plan, after completing secondary school, students typically enroll
for 2 years in a junior college, also known as pre-university, or in schools with
a higher secondary facility affiliated with the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary
Education or any central board. Students choose from one of three streams,
namely liberal arts, commerce or science. Upon completing the required coursework,
students may enroll in general or professional degree programs.
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 St.
Xaviers College
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Major universities
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In West Bengal there are one central university, twenty state universities and one
deemed university.
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University
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Location
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Type
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Established
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Specialization
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Aliah University
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Kolkata
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State
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2007
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General
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Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur
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Shibpur
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State
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2004
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Technology
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Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya
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Haringhata
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State
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1974
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Agriculture
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Jadavpur University
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Kolkata
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State
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1955
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General
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Netaji Subhas Open University
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Kolkata
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State
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1997
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Distance Education
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Presidency University, Kolkata
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Kolkata
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State
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2010
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General
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Rabindra Bharati University
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Kolkata
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State
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1962
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General
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Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University
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Belur
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Deemed
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2005
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General
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Sidho Kanho Birsha University
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Purulia
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State
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2010
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General
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University of Burdwan
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Bardhaman
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State
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1960
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General
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University of Calcutta
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Kolkata
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State
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1857
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General
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University of Gour Banga
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Malda
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State
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2007
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General
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University of Kalyani
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Kalyani
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State
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1960
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General
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University of North Bengal
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Siliguri
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State
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1962
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General
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Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya
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Cooch Behar
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State
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2001
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Agriculture
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Vidyasagar University
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Medinipur
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State
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1981
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General
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Visva-Bharati University
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Santiniketan
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Central
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1951
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General
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West Bengal State University
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Barasat
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State
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2007
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General
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West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences
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Kolkata
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State
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2004
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Legal
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West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences
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Kolkata
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State
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1995
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Veterinary science
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West Bengal University of Health Sciences
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Kolkata
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State
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2002
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Medical
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West Bengal University of Technology
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Kolkata
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State
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2001
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Technology
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Research Institutes
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Institute
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Location
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Established
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Specialization
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Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
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Kolkata
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1950
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Science
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Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
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Kolkata
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1876
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Science
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S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
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Kolkata
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1986
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Science
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Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
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Kolkata
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2006
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Science
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Indian Institute of Technology
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Kharagpur
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1951
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Science and Technology
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Bose Institute
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Kolkata
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1917
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Science
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Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre
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Kolkata
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Science
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Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute
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Kolkata
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1950
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Science and Technology
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Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
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Kolkata
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1935
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Science
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Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
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Durgapur
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1958
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Science and Technology
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Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute
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Kolkata
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1959
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Science
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National Institute of Biomedical Genomics
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Kalyani
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2010
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Science
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Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers
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Kolkata
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Science and Technology
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Indian Statistical Institute
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Kolkata
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1931
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Science
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Indian Centre for Space Physics
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Kolkata
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1999
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Science
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National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology
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Kolkata
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1938
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Science and Technology
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